Natl Acad. 2014 May;113(5):696-703. doi: 10.1111/bju.12555. Thromb. Public Health 194, 245251 (2021). Kollias, A. et al. Int. Thromboembolic complications, which are frequent in COVID-19, also affect urogenital organs. ACE2 expression in different tissues is hypothesized to correlate with the risk of viral invasion, and results from several studies reported high expression levels of ACE2 in the genitourinary tract. Patients treated with enzalutamide required longer hospitalization (hazard ratio for discharge from hospital: 0.43, 95% CI 0.200.93) than patients treated with the standard of care117. Article These bacteria live on your skin and in your intestines and most of the time, they're not a problem. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Emerging evidence suggests that the bladder is one of many organs targeted by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), which contributes. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2; step 1 in the left and right panels) on the host-cell membrane and undergoes a conformational change in the spike protein subunit 1 (S1) leading to exposure of the S2 cleavage site in the S2 subunit of the virus; these cleavage events in the two spike proteins of the virus are necessary for the virus entry process. The COVID-19 phase was available for 479 patients: 426 in the acute and 53 in the recovery phase. Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. Google Scholar. SARS-CoV-2 is rarely detected in semen. $(".mega-back-deepdives").removeClass("mega-toggle-on"); The absence of statistically significant differences in IPSS before and during COVID-19 in patients <50 years might be explained by the small sample size of this age group in this study (n=32)70. An acute impairment of spermatogenesis in patients with COVID-19 is probably caused by fever; however, the existence of long-term effects of COVID-19 on fertility, as observed in other viral orchitides, is still conceivable. they have to weigh the risk of COVID-19 infection with the continued risk of going to the hospital and BCG. The mortality was 50% in patients with AKI and 8% in patients without AKI32. In a large population-based study including 4,532 men with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, patients with prostate cancer who received ADT were at a significantly lower risk of infection than patients with prostate cancer without ADT (OR 4.05, 95% CI 1.5510.59, P=0.0043) or patients with any other malignancy (OR 4.86; 95% CI 1.8812.56, P=0.0011)107. Target. Med. Sci. In another study, SARS-CoV-2 could be detected in testis tissue samples from deceased patients with COVID-19 (n=6) by transmission electron microscopy, and the density of ACE2 receptors (quantified through immunofluorescence) was reported to be inversely proportional to the level of spermatogenesis, defined as impaired if full spermatogenesis was not visualized in all observed tubules80. Accessibility Prog. Dejucq, N. & Jgou, B. Spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 are membrane proteins that give the virus its crown-like appearance and bind to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on the cellular surface, enabling the entry of the virus19. Front. Google Scholar. Mohamed, N. E. et al. Nephrol. Suriano, F. et al. A systematic review on the investigation of SARS-CoV-2 in semen. 205, 441443 (2021). 14, 185192 (2020). High ACE2 expression levels were found in kidney proximal tubule cells (4% ACE2+ cells) and in bladder urothelial cells (2.4% ACE2+ cells); the percentage of ACE2+ cells in these compartments was even higher than that observed in respiratory epithelial cells (2.0% ACE2+ cells)17. Results from a big retrospective, observational study analysing the incidence of AKI in 3,993 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 showed that AKI occurred in 46% of patients32; 19% of whom required kidney replacement therapy32. Early evidence suggests that about 50 percent of people who've died from COVID-19 also had a secondary bacterial or fungal infection, some of which were resistant to antibiotics. Kudose, S. et al. Two days prior to the onset of her symptoms she received her second Pfizer . Nephrol. The presence of SARS-Cov-2 viral RNA in ejaculate has only been reported in four studies to date62,63,64,65 (6.66%62, 15.8%63, 2.3%64 and 14.3%65 of patients). Not everyone with COVID-19 gets urinary symptoms, though. The effects of the new COVID-19 variants on the risk of developing urological complications in patients with COVID-19 still need to be assessed. Cytokine-storm-induced systemic inflammatory response and direct cytopathic effects are possible pathophysiological mechanisms of AKI. While there is a link between COVID-19 and new LUTS, the virus that causes COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, may not be the direct cause in all cases. Gupta, A. et al. Given the common prevalence of many of these reported symptoms in the general population, there does not appear to be a correlation between vaccination and urologic symptoms, but as the vaccination criteria expands, further monitoring of the VAERS is needed.Copyright 2021. Many of the reported symptoms of COVID-19 vaccination (LUTS, haematuria and urinary infection) have the same prevalence in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals; thus, a causal attribution to the vaccination seems unlikely140. 101, 15761579 (2008). Rev. In another study, the average International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), which is used as a validated questionnaire to quantify lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)69, was assessed in patients with COVID-19 aged >50 years (n=62) in the acute stage of the disease and surveyed retrospectively for the time before COVID-19 infection70. In a cross-sectional testicular ultrasonography study, incidental epididymitis was found in 42% of patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, all of whom had no scrotal complaints and no clinical signs of orchitis82. 18, 223228 (2006). Lancet Haematol. Immunol. The Novavax coronavirus vaccine (brand names: Nuvaxovid and Covovax) is already being used to prevent the coronavirus in 40 other countries, including Canada. Andrologia 53, e13973 (2021). Article Finelli, L. et al. Infect. Urol. Lin, B. et al. J. PubMed Central Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Learn about the possible causes of frequent urination, its symptoms and diagnosis, and how to manage the condition. Can diet help improve depression symptoms? Vasc. PubMed ACE2 expression levels in testes are amongst the highest in the body77; ACE2 can be found in Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and cells of the seminiferous ducts78. Virol. Santoriello, D. et al. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Quinn-Scoggins, H. D. et al. Visit our coronavirus hub for the most recent information on the COVID-19 pandemic. Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas TX. }); Dis. 36, 10191023 (2021). Multiple expression assessments of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 SARS-CoV-2 entry molecules in the urinary tract and their associations with clinical manifestations of COVID-19. Postmortem kidney pathology findings in patients with COVID-19. Seftel, A. Moreover, in a prospective cohort study in which patients with COVID-19 (n=89) were compared with patients with non-COVID-19 respiratory tract infection (n=30) and age-matched healthy individuals (n=143), total testosterone levels were decreased in patients with COVID-19, but also in patients with non-COVID-19 respiratory tract infections93, indicating that the observed hormonal imbalances might be a general phenomenon of critical illness, non-specific for SARS-CoV-2 infection95. Infect. Fewer people should get sick, and more lives can be saved. They function as part of the immune system but may pass into the urine. Controversial roles of the renin angiotensin system and its modulators during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, acute tubular injury as the sole or predominant finding was detected in only 13.3% of native biopsy samples and 27.3% of the allograft biopsy samples, not significantly different from what was detected in pre-COVID-19 biopsy samples (11.9%, P=0.52 for native biopsy samples and 17.7%, P=0.09 for allograft biopsy samples)44. Sex differences in susceptibility, severity, and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019: cross-sectional analysis from a diverse US metropolitan area. Res. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in urine and semen is very rare, but the high prevalence of LUTS in the acute stage of COVID-19 reasonably suggests that the lower urinary tract might still be affected by the virus67,68,70. Li, D., Jin, M., Bao, P., Zhao, W. & Zhang, S. Clinical characteristics and results of semen tests among men with coronavirus disease 2019. Int Urol Nephrol. 477, 359372 (2020). These results could indicate that the estimated recovery time of sperm quality after COVID-19 infection might be longer than the 3 months previously suggested87. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. 63, 10061015 (2020). Antibiotics will only help if a person has a bacterial infection. There is no single test for OAB or CAC, so a doctor may recommend tests that look for an underlying cause. A comprehensive assessment of viral RNA and AKI rate in patients with COVID-19. Incidence of VTE and bleeding among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Analysis of biopsy samples from patients with kidney allograft showed that allograft rejection disproportionately affected patients with COVID-19 (61.4% versus 27.1% in allograft biopsy samples from the pre-COVID-19 database, P<0.001)44. 31, 10401045 (2020). }); To quantify and describe urologic adverse events and symptoms after vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines.We queried the FDA Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) for all reported symptoms following the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines as of February 12th, 2021. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression levels in testes are amongst the highest in the body77 and can be found in Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and cells of the seminiferous ducts78. As males and older adults are more susceptible to COVID-19 in general, it seems that LUTS may be part of an overall higher burden of illness in these groups. Andrologia 50, e13140 (2018). Travel. Tip of the iceberg: erectile dysfunction and COVID-19, Implications of testicular ACE2 and the reninangiotensin system for SARS-CoV-2 on testis function, Long COVID and risk of erectile dysfunction in recovered patients from mild to moderate COVID-19, Is COVID-19 a risk factor for progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia and exacerbation of its related symptoms? Sharma, P., Ng, J. H., Bijol, V., Jhaveri, K. D. & Wanchoo, R. Pathology of COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury. Learn More. PubMed Right: in the presence of TMPRSS2, S2 is cleaved at the cell surface (step 2). Background: In this case report, we describe a potential association between the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and development of a vulvar aphthous ulcer in a virginal 14-year-old girl. They may improve on their own as the infection runs its course. 78, 624628 (2020). Maringe, C. et al. Amin, M. COVID-19 and the liver: overview. These symptoms were grouped into five different categories: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (n=34, 22%), Hematuria (n=22, 14%), Urinary Infection (n=41, 26%), Skin/Soft Tissue (n=16, 10%), and Other (n=43, 28%). Reprinted from ref.19, Springer Nature Limited. Comparison of venous thromboembolism risks between COVID-19 pneumonia and community-acquired pneumonia patients. The role of intravesical prostatic protrusion in the evaluation of overactive bladder in male patients with LUTS. Eur. Cross-sectional study and pooled analysis of CoVaST Project results in Central Europe. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Nephrol. Sci. J. Clin. Additionally, people can develop secondary bacterial infections after having a viral infection. 40, e134e136 (2021). Dis. Salonia, A. et al. 37, 271284 (2021). Scientists are still learning about how COVID-19 affects the body. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26996. De novo lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were observed in 43 patients and deterioration of pre-existing LUTS in 7. Sex. Despite the unusual manifestation of coronavirus infection, similar mechanisms of damage to urothelial cells in viral and bacterial infections give us the right to think . CE / CME. Low total testosterone levels are associated with poor outcomes; however, whether hypogonadism is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection or is just a general phenomenon of critical illness is still unclear. 7, 100056 (2020). Dhar, N. et al. Article CD147-spike protein is a novel route for SARS-CoV-2 infection to host cells. In fact, high activity of ACE2 has also been postulated to be potentially beneficial for patients with COVID-19 by diminishing lung injury and inflammation26. However, COVID-19 has the potential to be a multisystem illness, meaning it can affect more than one system in the body at once. Machado, B. et al. De novo urinary symptoms associated with COVID-19: COVID-19-associated cystitis. More than 40% of individuals experience recurrent infection. PubMed However, results from another study including 1,779 men with prostate cancer reported opposite findings: no significant differences in the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections were observed between patients treated with ADT (5.6%) and patients who did not receive ADT (5.8%; OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.541.61, P=0.8)110. B.E., G.M., Y.V. The COVID-19 pandemic what have urologists learned? Levi, M., Thachil, J., Iba, T. & Levy, J. H. Coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis in patients with COVID-19. In summary, thromboembolism is a frequent complication of COVID-19 (ref.118) and also affects organs of the genitourinary tract127,128,129,130,131,132. Rev. Diagnostics https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11040581 (2021). Viruses in the mammalian male genital tract and their effects on the reproductive system. Transl. McKinsey & Company https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/when-will-the-covid-19-pandemic-end (2021). Studies from around the world suggest that 7% to 31% of Covid-19 patients experience some sort of cardiac injury. Urinary tract infections can lead to intermittent secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 into the urine73; however, increased interleukin levels in urine are not specific for urinary tract infections at all and might only depend on renal excretion of plasma interleukins. Med. However, bacteria, allergies, fungi, and other viruses can also cause sinusitis. Learn More. 18, 20892092 (2003). Moreover, the risk of viral invasion in different tissues was hypothesized to be dependent on the expression level of ACE2 (ref.25). Can, O., Erko, M., Ozer, M., Umeyir Karakanli, M. & Otunctemur, A. CAS Dis. J. Korean Med. A severe increase in the number of avoidable cancer deaths owing to COVID-19-induced lockdowns is still expected151. #Cranberry products reduced the RISK of repeat #urinarytractinfection #UTI in some women by more than a quarter and in children by more than half, according to However, in a study including 256 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and 360 patients with non-COVID-19 pneumonia, the rate of venous thromboembolism was not significantly different between the two groups (2% versus 3.6% respectively, P=0.229), indicating that the observed hypercoagulable state in patients with COVID-19 might not be dependent on SARS-CoV-2 (ref.121). Mortality among US patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2020. Physiol. 19, 4763 (2022). All data and statistics are based on publicly available data at the time of publication. J. Bras. 5, 747748 (2020). At this time, it is unknown how long immunity may last. https://doi.org/10.1097/mou.0000000000000901 (2021). SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in anal swabs and in some patients, the test remained positive even when throat swabs and sputum swabs were negative59. J. Urol. $('mega-back-specialties').on('click', function(e) { 16, e07 (2021). Med. Inthe UK, 45% of patients with potential cancer symptoms (such as coughing up blood) did not contact their doctor in the first wave of the pandemic146. de-Madaria, E. & Capurso, G. COVID-19 and acute pancreatitis: examining the causality. De Vincentiis, L., Carr, R. A., Mariani, M. P. & Ferrara, G. Cancer diagnostic rates during the 2020 lockdown, due to COVID-19 pandemic, compared with the 20182019: an audit study from cellular pathology. Hyg. Med. The experience of European pulmonary pathologists. J. Emerg. The authors attributed the protective effect of ADT to its ability to decrease TMPRSS2 levels108, which has an important role in the fusion process of cellular and viral membranes20, and to a reduction of the risk of a cytokine storm by decreasing the number and function of circulating neutrophils107,109. Severe COVID-19 can also damage the kidneys, which may prevent them from working as they should. Hepatol. Radiological patterns of incidental epididymitis in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients revealed by colour Doppler ultrasound. In March 2020, the WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. Urol. Tsai CH, Lee WC, Shen YC, Wang HJ, Chuang YC. https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2223 (2021). 2, 140149 (2021). These white blood cells seem to decline in people who have long COVID. A wide range of severe pathological changes can be found in kidney tissue samples from patients with COVID-19 (refs41,42,44), but whether this damage is caused by an exuberant systemic inflammatory response31,41,48,49,50,52 or by a direct cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 (refs31,53,54,55) is still unclear. WHO. 2). Spirito, L. et al. Samuel, R. M. et al. A doctor can determine if this is the case with a urine test. Is there any association of COVID-19 with testicular pain and epididymo-orchitis? CAS 30, 484487 (2020). Virol. Expert. PubMed Central PubMed The transition of COVID-19 to an endemic disease might be a more realistic end point than herd immunity152, but countless unpredictable variables make any serious prediction impossible. J. Clin. The spread of the Delta variant caused a set-back for high-income countries in the race to reach herd immunity152,153. 32, 151160 (2021). Huang, C. et al. Res. Since then, a considerable number of studies describing the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in different organs have been published. 13, 39773990 (2020). The median age of the patients reporting urologic symptoms was 63 years (IQR 44-79, Range: 19-96) and 54% of the patients were female.Urologic symptoms reported after COVID-19 vaccination are extremely rare. Rev. 43, 127131 (2021). With the virus and clinical research moving at breakneck speed, researchers are . doi: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e153. Regarding urology, no evidence of male or female fertility reduction following COVID-19 vaccination has been reported139. In a retrospective cohort study including 212,326 patients with COVID-19, patients with variants of concern (including Alpha/B1.1.17, Beta/B.1.351 and Gamma/P.1) were at a higher risk of hospitalization (OR 1.52 (95% CI 1.421.63)), ICU admission (OR 1.89 (95% CI 1.672.17)) and death (OR 1.51 (95% CI 1.301.78)) than patients with non-variant of concern SARS-CoV-2 strains133. Are sex disparities in COVID-19 a predictable outcome of failing mens health provision? Krychtiuk, K. A. et al. Front. Taken together, these results show that a wide spectrum of pathological changes in kidney could be detected in patients with COVID-19, with COVAN being the most common diagnosis in native biopsy samples44; moreover, patients with COVID-19 who have a kidney transplant seem to be at a considerable risk of developing an allograft rejection44. Biomarkers of coagulation and fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarction: a joint position paper of the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care and the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis. These factors include: Having kidney or bladder stones. However, no clear proof indicating that these thromboembolism effects are directly caused by SARS-CoV-2 is currently available. Google Scholar. Where are all the patients? Kidney Int. ACE2 converts angiotensin II, which is a main perpetrator of inflammation, into angiotensin 17, which has anti-inflammatory properties27. MeSH J. Impot. Article 46, 11141116 (2020). Adverse events reported after administration of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines among hospital workers: A cross-sectional survey-based study in a Spanish hospital. Swollen sinuses could be a result of COVID-19. Endocr. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. Long-term effects of COVID-19 cannot yet be fully evaluated, but understanding how SARS-CoV-2 causes injury in genitourinary organs and defining risk factors associated with severe damage of these organs is crucial for developing strategies to protect patients with COVID-19 from urological complications. Article A 2021 study in Italy found that women with OAB had significantly worse symptoms 4 weeks after authorities introduced social distancing than they did before, suggesting that stress affected the severity. Med. Anal swab as a potentially optimal specimen for SARS-CoV-2 detection to evaluate hospital discharge of COVID-19 patients. In a prospective cohort study including 701 patients with COVID-19, 43.9% had proteinuria and 26.7% had haematuria on admission, indicating severe damage of kidney tissue35. Bogoch, I. I. et al. Male reproductive function Secretion of androgens. Ragab, D., Salah Eldin, H., Taeimah, M., Khattab, R. & Salem, R. The COVID-19 cytokine storm; what we know so far. PubMed Maiese, A. et al. 28, 196200 (2022). Fan, C., Lu, W., Li, K., Ding, Y. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in mucous membranes seems to be dependent on the region tested59,60. 18, 34 (2021). Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. Hedges, S. & Svanborg, C. The mucosal cytokine response to urinary tract infections. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in urine and semen is very rare; however, COVID-19 can manifest through urological symptoms and complications, including acute kidney injury (AKI), which is associated with poor survival, severe structural changes in testes and impairment of spermatogenesis, and hormonal imbalances (mostly secondary hypogonadism). The options they recommend will depend on a persons situation. CAS A. J. Nephrol. Nat. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41585-022-00586-1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41585-022-00586-1. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.14110 (2021). Schiavi, M. C., et al. Baek, M. S., Lee, M.-T., Kim, W.-Y., Choi, J. C. & Jung, S.-Y. Virol. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. A median decrease of 62% in requested total PSA tests was observed during the local lockdown period in Italy (10 March to 17 May 2020)147. Urol. COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury: consensus report of the 25th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) Workgroup. One possible pathophysiological mechanism of AKI in COVID-19 is a cytokine-storm-induced systemic inflammatory response31,41. Urinary symptoms de novo or associated cystitis COVID-19 (CAC) develops against the background of a complete lack of data for the presence of a bacterial pathogen in the urine. 65, 208231 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa008 (2020). Cancer Discov. Elbaset MA, Hashem A, Taha DE, Zahran MH, El-Hefnawy AS. Klein, S. L. & Flanagan, K. L. Sex differences in immune responses. Lancet Oncol. jQuery(function($) { Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Nat Rev Urol 19, 344356 (2022). People who are up to date with their COVID-19 vaccinations may still get a COVID-19 infection after vaccination . ACE2 is, indeed, also a major component of the reninangiotensinaldosterone system (RAAS)27, a crucial regulatory system for fluid and electrolyte balance, systemic vascular resistance and, thereby, blood pressure28. Lancet 398, 223237 (2021). 74, 187189 (2021). Cardiologists report that COVID-19-induced myocarditis can lead to fulminant myocardial dysfunction and is associated with poor overall prognosis12. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Research suggests there is a link between COVID-19 and LUTS. However, the Omicron variant induces a considerably milder disease at the population level and has been shown to trigger cross-protective immunity towards the Delta variant135. It causes waste to build up in your blood and can be deadly. Soc. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7120549 (2018). J. Gastroenterol. Results from a study including three online behavioural experiments involving 1,800 participants showed that vaccine efficacy is constantly confused with the non-incidence rate of COVID-19 in vaccinated people, which leads to an overestimation of the probability of developing COVID-19 (ref.142). Required fields are marked *. Gastrointestinal coronavirus disease 2019: epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis, prevention, and management. Before visiting a medical facility, people who are unsure if they have COVID-19 should follow local guidance for getting tested. 39, 251.e255251.e257 (2021). Duarte, S. A. C., Pereira, J. G., Iscaife, A., Leite, K. R. M. & Antunes, A. Rev. Priapism in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Urol. Patients with medical emergencies often avoid hospital emergency departments because of the fear of COVID-19 contagion143. Int. CMAJ 193, E1619e1625 (2021). Thromboembolism is a frequent and severe complication of COVID-19 (ref.118). Hepatol. Alwani, M. et al. BMJ Glob. However, no data on histopathological changes in patients with non-fatal COVID-19 are available; therefore, whether the alterations in testes are a general consequence of COVID-19 or exclusively occur in patients with fatal COVID-19 is still unclear. Int. However, they know that the kidneys and bladder are responsible for removing waste from the body, and this can include alive or dead viruses. People who are moderately or severely immunocompromised have different recommendations for COVID-19 vaccines. Lucas, J. M. et al. Eur. Thus, ACE2 might have a double role in COVID-19: pro-infection, acting as a cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and protective during SARS-CoV-2 infection, by mitigating inflammation26,29. 191, 145147 (2020). Virol. Acute necrotizing glomerulonephritis associated with COVID-19 infection: report of two pediatric cases. During sexual intercourse, COVID-19 infection through respiratory droplets is of course possible, but, according to the available data, a sexual transmission of SARS-Cov-2 via semen seems to be very unlikely66. jQuery(function($) { Overall, 240 native biopsy samples and 44 allograft biopsy samples were compared with biopsy samples from a pre-COVID-19 database and a wide range of histopathological changes were found44; the most common observation in patients with COVID-19 and kidney symptoms was acute tubular injury (detected in 78.3% of native biopsy samples and 88.6% of allograft biopsy samples). Multiorgan impairment in low-risk individuals with post-COVID-19 syndrome: a prospective, community-based study. -, Lee Y.W., Lim S.Y., Lee J.H., Lim J.S., Kim M., Kwon S., Joo J., Kwak S.H., Kim E.O., Jung J., et al.
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